Method and apparatus for the permanent waving of hair



Feb. 20, 1940. TQRRES 2,191,293

v METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR THE PERMANENT wAVING 0F HAIR Filed May '7, 1938 L 11 /7 /2 7a i@ANNWANNAN` 'JW the distance of the first wave from thehair'is in Patented Feb. 20, 1940y `2,191,293 y k METHOD AND-APPARATUS Fon. THE

PERMANENT wAvING oFKHAm Joseph Torres, Brooklyn, jN. y` .Application May v, 193s, semina. zqasm menare., (ci. isz- 36) This invention relates tothe permanent waving of hair on the human head and has v'for its object the production of a new method and a new clamp for waving hair in the Croquignole fashion whereby the wave can be made closer to thel'ieady without danger of burning orv otherwise miurv ing the scalp. f

In previous methods and apparatus for the permanent waving of hair in the Croquignole fashion, it has been customary to divide the hair on the scalp into a plurality of strands, to pass each strand through a clamp and to coil the hair.

cf each strand around a curler,L which curler islocated with its axis substantially directly above the slot in the clamp through which the strand of hair passes. The distance between the yscalp and the first turn around the Icurler is normally from one and one-quarter 'to one and one-half inches or more from the scalp, and inasmuch as the permanent wave isimparted only to that portion of the hair which is wound on `the curler,

the order of one and one-'quarter to one and one-l half inches. The wave is therefore not as close to begin with as is desired,`and as further hair -begins to grow in from the scalp, the wave goes further and further away froml the scalpl and makes necessary anotherv permanent wavein a.` few months, in order to wave the newly grown hair.

first wave is located nearer to the scalp than gby other previous Croquignole methods and apparatus. Y

Another object of my invention isto provide a method and apparatus by which the first wave adjacent the scalpA is not producedat'itherst v turn around the curler butis produced bycurling the hair over a section of the clamp between the curler and the scalp.

Another object of `invention isto provide i a method and apparatus by which the 'wave of the hair can be put closer to the scalp thanfby j previous methods and apparatus of Croquignole waving but by.whicl'1 the"danger' of burning or otherwise injuring vthe. scalp or hair isgreatly lessened.

y Various other objects and advantages of my iny vention will appear as this description proceeds.

Referring now tothedrawing which illustrates" a preferred form of embodiment of my invention:

Figure 1 is a plan View of the clamp andcurling` apparatus which I use;A n, l

One of the principal objects of myinvention is' to provide an apparatus and' method whereby the Figure 2 is a side view rof .the apparatus` illusie` trated in Figure 1;j e. y Y Figure 3 is a plan view'of the apparatusila; lustrated in Figure 1;

Figure 4` is a sectionalv View along the line,

of Figure; 1;

- Figure 5 is a sectionalk View along 'thel line-555 of Figure 2; n .K f y Figure' v6 is a sectional View ofthe apparatus vshowingthe clamp with the heater in place there.-v

on;and"` Y,

Figure '7y is a perspective view of the clamp. Intlfie` form of embodiment of my invention illustrated in the drawing,- thev clamp through which the strand of hair-,is passed is indicated'at Ii and consists voi? a ysubstantially trough-like member having a horizontal bottom ,wall 2 and avertical sidewall 3, which terminates in a curled lip Aor hair guide member At leach end of `the clamping member 'I', slotted brackets 5 and 6 are provided yinto lwhich'y the `ends ofthe rotatable curler member 1, around which the hair is wound,

are'inserted. 1 I I The parts 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 are preferably made from one'pie'ce of sheet metal by suitable bending land stamping operations-but/may be made in several pieces if so desired; .l To the `bottomof the clamping-memberv I, suitable brackets 8 and 9 are secured to supportthespring clamping Amember f I0 which is held in closedposition by' the link` I I and cam-shapedthumb-piece I2. "z

Thel leaf spring IDfis preferably composed of a around'the pivota andboth leaves IDaand Ib brought' together, as illustrated',` Ato provide a spring which will retain its resiliency over. `long periodsl of time. A slot IIIc is providedinthe end' of the spring .member into which the link I I fits to enable the. spring to'be clamped bythe cam-I 2. 'In applying-'a permanent wave in accordance with theapparatus and process of my invention,

the hair isl separated into a suitable number ofy strandson thescalp and a separate clamp member I is applied to each-strand.- The strand of` I hair Lis clampedbetween the spring member *I I) andthe vertical front wall 3 of the clamping member and`held 'firmly in place bythe closing of the cam member I2,i asillustrat'ed particularly in"Figu.resv1 and 2. VThe front wall l3er-the ,clamping member may be provided withk a rubber lining, if desired, andA thespring Vclamp member, I0 yis preferably surrounded with arubber .tubingfmember I3, whichr holds fthehair secure.

',Below the' clamp member a slottedA protecting shield I4 is slipped'on .the strand'of'hair over' '5 single'l lengthk vof lspring-steel which is bent togo the scalp and after the strand has been clamped in the clamp member I, the hair is Wound on the curler 'I beginning from the point farthest from the scalp and winding toward the scalp.

After the curler 1 'has been wound to a position close to the scalp the squared end 'la of the curler is inserted in the squared slot Ga, of the member 6, and the rounded portion 'ib of the curler 'I is inserted in the slot 5b of the member whereupon the handle l5 of the `curler "I may` beturned to wind the strand of hair tightly kon the curler l, suitable ratchet means being provided inside the curler 'I adjacent the squared end 7a to hold the curler in the tightly wound posi- I tion for the hair. f

In this position, the strand I6 of the hairis brought up from the scalp, illustrated at I'I, be tween `the vertical wall 3 and spring member It! and over the roll 4 of the wall 3 where it is wound in a plurality of coils lb around the curler 'I, as illustrated more yclearly in Figures 4 and 5. The position of the curler shown is such as to hold the hair ina loop around the member 4. In this position, strand I6 is vgiven its rstcurl or bend Ia at the point where it passes over the roll member 4, which, with proper manipulation, can be located' very close to jthe scalp to make the rst curl or Wave closer to the scalp than with previous clamps and methods for hair waving by the Croquignole method.

Before rolling the strand of hair on theicurler 'I, it is preferably vzrnoistened With a suitable curling solution and after it `has been rolled into the position illustrated in Figures 4 kand 5, `an impervious cloth or pad I8, moistened with a suitable curling agent, is applied over the strand of hair and a heating element I9, preferably having suitable electric resistance heating means and connected through the conduit ZIJ to a suitable source of current, is applied over the strand of hair and pad I8 andthe clamp'member I, as illustrated in Figure 6. This heating element preferably consists of two part-circular members I9@ and I9b mounted on a clamp pivoted around the axis ZI, so as to permit the members lila. and I9b to be separated for insertion over the strand of hair Iii, suitable spring members being provided to clamp the heating elements IScL and Ib over the strand of hair .and pad in the position illustrated in Figure 6. .v

When the heat is applied to vaporize the curling solution and cause steam, most of the steam from the more densely Wound portion ISU of the strand of hair goes into the pocket I a formed by the horizontal wall 2, and the vertical wall` 3 of the clamping member I, and inasmuch as these Walls are preferably integral, none of the steam can escape in the direction of the scalp but must flow out the ends of the heater I9, where it cannot burn or injure the scalp. The smaller amount of steam, generated at the point ISa where the strand passes over the rolled portion 4 of the clamping member, is prevented' from touching the scalp by the rubber tube I3 surrounding vthe spring member I!) and the Ishield It, andinasmuch as-less steam is generated at the point Ia Where the strand passes over the roll member 4, there is no danger of burning at this point.

The horizontal part 2 of the clamping member I is preferably secured by means of spacing rivets 2a toa space plate 22 in such a way as to provide` v described, I am able to put a wave closer to the scalp than by any previous type of Croquignole apparatus and method used for hair Waving and I am able at the same time to protect the hair and scalp from any possible `danger of burning.

It is obvious to persons skilled in the art how the apparatusabove described is to be used and that various modications and changes can be made in the apparatus and method of using the same without departing from the spirit of my invention orthe scope of the appended claims.

I claim:

l.. In 'an apparatus for the permanent waving of hair, a clamp member having a vertically extending portion and a spring portion between y which .the strand of hair is clamped, means to support a curler back of the vertically extending portion, means to impart a bend to the strand of 'hair at the top oi the vertically extending portion and means to clamp the strand of hair between the vertically` extending portion and a clamp member.

2. In an apparatus for the permanent Waving Vci hair, a clamp member harung a horizontally extending portion, a vertically extending portion and a spring clamp portion cooperating with the vertically extending portion to clamp the strand of hair between the vertically extending portion and thespring portion, means to support a curler back oi the vertically extending portion and means to impart a bend to the strand of hair at the top of the vertically extending portion.

3. In an apparatus forthe permanent waving ci hair, a trough-like clamp member having a horizontally and a vertically extending portion, means toclamp the strand of'hair between the vertically extending portion and a spring clamp member, means to support a curling member in the trough-like space between the horizontal and the vertical member and` means to impart a bend to the hair as it goes over the top of the vertical member.

ll. As an article of manufacture a clamp for' use in the permanent waving of hair comprising a trough-like member having a horizontally and a vertically extending portion, meansto support a curling member in the trough-like portion, means to hold oneportion ofthe curling member stationary while the other is being twisted to impart a roll to the hair, means to clamp the strand of hair betweenthe vertically extendingl portion and a spring clamp member and means at the top of the vertically extending portion to impart a bend to the strand of hair between the curler and 'the scalp. l

5. As an article of manufacture a clamp member for use in permanent Waving comprising a trcughflike supporting member having a horizontally and a vertically extending wall, slotted means for each end of the trough-like member toreceive a curling member and permit aroll to be imparted to the hair, a lip in the vertically extending portion of the trough member for imparting a bend to the hair between the curler and the scalp, 'a double leaf spring member for clamping the hair against the vertically extending portion of the vtrough member and a cam for holding the clamping member in position.

6. In apparatus for the permanent Waving of hair, a hair clamping device comprising a clamp,

a member around which the hair may be bent at an angle of more than immediately adjacent the `clamp,la curler on Which-the hairmay be wound, andmeans to support the curler adjacent said member With the hair in a bend of more than 90 around .said member, together with means to apply heat to the hair bentaroundv "saidi` member and the hair Wound on. the curler.

`7.Apparatus for the' permanent Waving ofg hair,'as defined in lclaim 6, wherein the saidlv member and the curlerare vof substantially thev same diameter.

a member'around Which the hair vmay be bent at an angle :off more than 90" immediately adjacent the clamp,.a curler on Which the hair may be Wound adjacent the clamp, said curler being tin position `to hold the jhair in a .bend of .more

than 90- around said member, ltogether with a heating clamp engageable around the hair bent around said member and the hair Wound on ther curler to hold a heating pad thereagainst.

'9. In an apparatus forthe permanent waving v of hair,l a `clamp comprising twol members forv clamping ar strand of hair adjacent tlfiefscalp,A a member carried byA one clamp member, extending parallel thereto and positioned'immediatelyv `adjacent the clamping surface, a curler and v means associated With said clamp for supporting curler and a heating clamp to heat the pad and 'the curler adjacent said member and parallel I thereto on which curler a'strand of hair passing :from the clamp oversaid member to thecurler may be Wound, said member so `positionedwith respect to said curler that hair passingthere-` over is bent atan angle of more than a pad to fit over said member and'curler to hold vthe strand of hair against-'both said member and hair.

10. In apparatus `for the permanent Waving of hair, a clamp adapted to clamp a strand of hair adjacent the scalp, a curler carried by said clamp,

8LA In`v apparatus forv the permanent Waving of hair, a hair' clampingdevicecomprising a clamp,

yin both the curled making a bend. o f lmore thanf90 and from which thehair passes to*vv and aroundv the curler and heating means engageable with the strandof hair to hold the same against lsaid member andI Lc'urler; ;A n 11. The method of permanently Waving hair in 'thefCroquignolefashion which comprises separatingthev hairlinto strands, moisteningfthe a member carried Iby said -Aclamp positioned imi mediatelyadja'cent the lclamping surface overA which the strand `of hair passes from the clamp strands with "a permanent hair curling solution,

applying a clamp'ymemb'er to veach strand close vto the scalp,` rolling each strand into a tight curl, `making a bend of more than 90 in the strand .of hair between thev curled` portion and the scalp f immediatelyadjacent the clampingr surface, and

applying heat to the strand'infsuch a Way as to heatand vaporize the'y curling solution `into both .the'curled portionof the'strand andthe bent portion of the strand to cause a permanent Wave portion rand the bent portion of thestrand Y n 12. The method: of -permanentlyjwaving hair in the'Croquignole fashion which comprises sep`' arating the hair into strands, moisteni'ng the `strands With a permanent hair. curling solution, Aapplying va clamp member to each strandl close to the scalp, rolling each-strand-into a tight curl, making abend ofmore than 90'in the strand of hair between the curled portion and the-scalp immediately adjacent theclamping surface, leavc ing the 'bent portion vof the strand exposed to thev application of heat and further curling solution, and applying heat tothe strand in such a tray as to heatand vaporize the curling solution into both the curled portion of the strand andthe bent portion offthe strand to v,cause a permanent` portion ofthe strand.v

Wave in both the curled portion andthe bent JOSEPH TORRES. n 

